Josse de Momper is one of the most important proponents of Flemish landscape painting. In addition to panoramic landscapes known as world landscapes, he frequently painted mountainous landscapes, in the foreground of which bizarrely shaped rocks and dark grottoes and caves frame the view of the distant landscape. The
close-up foreground, which is rendered in brown tones, provides space for staffage—frequently travellers or pilgrims, who are identifiable by the shells they wear on their hats.